Apple variety Orlovsky pioneer

Oryol apple varieties are very well known to domestic gardeners. They have established themselves as reliable and productive crops with excellent taste. Scientists of the All-Russian Research Institute of Breeding of Fruit Crops consider high resistance to scab to be the trademark of their apple trees. The varieties they create are especially good for central Russia. Choosing the autumn varieties of the Oryol selection, you should pay attention to the Oryol pioneer. This is not a novelty, but a truly proven variety, created in the late 70s. To remove it, the hybridization method developed by I.V. Michurin. Authors - E.N. Sedov, Z.M. Serov, V.V. Zhdanov, Yu.I. Khabarov. Antonovka red barrel (maternal plant) and hybrid SR 0523 (paternal) were chosen as parental forms. Pollination took place in 1976, and the next year the seeds were sown. Elite seedlings were identified in 1985. Our hero entered the variety testing in 1988, entered the State Register of the Russian Federation in 1999. The apple tree is approved for use in the Central region of the Russian Federation (Ivanovskaya, Tula, Bryansk, Ryazan, Vladimir, Smolensk, Moscow, Kaluga regions). Over the years of cultivation, our hero gained fame not only in Russia, but also in Belarus and Ukraine.

Description

The crop is fast growing, but has a moderate height - about 3.0 meters. The crown is rounded, medium thickened. The main branches are curved, attached to the trunk almost at right angles, therefore they form a strong connection of the wood. The ends of the branches are directed upwards. The bark of the trunk and main branches is gray, smooth. Shoots are upright, thick, rounded in cross-section, brown, pubescent bark. Buds are small, conical in shape, poorly pubescent, growing pressing against the shoot. The leaves of the apple tree are dark green, of the usual size, oblong-ovate, with a long-pointed, helically twisted top, the edge is wavy, serrate-crenate. The surface of the leaf is smooth, shiny, the nerve is tender. The leaf blade is concave, curved downward. The petiole is pubescent, normal in length and thickness. Stipules are lanceolate, medium in size. Fruit buds are elongated, pubescent, small in size. The predominant type of fruiting is on simple and complex ringlets. The flowers of the variety are not too large. The buds are white and pink. The petals of the flower are closed, light pink. The stigma of the pistil is located below the anthers.

The fruits of the Orlovsky pioneer are pretty, one-dimensional, strongly flattened (onion), slightly sloping, with a ribbed surface. The funnel is narrow, sharp-conical, rustiness is poorly expressed or completely absent. The saucer is small, grooved. Closed cup. The subcapillary tube is of moderate length, narrow, and saccular. Seeds are brown, ovoid, small. Peduncle curved, erect, not very long, of normal thickness. The heart is medium in size and resembles an onion. Closed-type chambers, small. The skin is dry to the touch, smooth and shiny. At the time of harvesting, the main color of the apple tree is greenish, in the period of consumer ripeness it is light yellow. The cover color in the form of a slight blush and red stripes occupies most of the surface of the fruit. There are many subcutaneous points, but they are subtle, small, greenish in color. The pulp has a greenish tint, juicy, dense in consistency, prickly. The aroma is either very weak or absent altogether. The taste is good, sweet and sour. The State Register rated the palatability at 4.3 points. 100 grams of fresh pulp contains: 11.0% of sugars, 0.80% of titratable acids, 16.4% of pectin substances, 16.2 mg of ascorbic acid, 522 mg of P-active substances. The size of the fruits, recorded by the State Register of Varieties, averaged 135 grams.

Characteristics

• In 1985, the self-rooted apple tree Orlovsky pioneer brought the first harvest, it happened in the 9th year of the seedling's life.In the course of the primary variety study, it was found that on an intercalary rootstock 3 - 3 - 72, the culture begins to bear fruit quite quickly - in the 5th year after planting a one-year-old seedling;
• in terms of ripening, our hero belongs to the autumn. Removable ripeness begins in the second half of August. The consumer period begins in early September;
• productivity is excellent. According to VNIISPK, the average yield was 230 c / ha, while the control Autumn striped only 140 c / ha. In 1991, the crop showed its maximum potential - 494 c / ha. The State Register declares an average productivity for 5 years - 155 c / ha, which also exceeds the control sample;
• with such good indicators, it should be noted that the yield is annual, which indicates the reliability of the Orlov variety;
• the peculiarity of the variety is its high immunity. The apple tree is highly resistant to scab, it is immune to 4 out of 5 races of this disease. For 7 years of observing the Oryol pioneer, leaves and fruits have never been affected by scab;
• winter hardiness indicator suitable for growing in central Russia. Our hero resists the complex effects of the external environment throughout the winter period and in early spring at a level with the Autumn striped taken for control. Weak, not higher than 1.0 points, freezing was recorded in the winter of 1986 - 1987, when the air temperature dropped to -32 ° С, and on the snow surface to -35 ° С. The ability of the apple tree to quickly restore its frost-resistant state after thaws that occur at the end of winter is high;
• The harvest of this variety withstands the hardships of transportation perfectly. Keeping quality is good, consumer qualities are preserved until the end of October;
• the way of use is universal. The fruits are good in their natural form. Suitable for processing, due to the high content of pectin, suitable for the preparation of marmalade, jam.

Planting and leaving

The Oryol pioneer will withstand the autumn and spring planting. Planting and grooming are culturally appropriate. The main requirements of our hero are a sunny area, the groundwater level is not higher than 1.5 meters to the surface and fertilization. During spring pruning, it is important to free the crown from thickening in order to keep the spread of diseases and pests under control.

This apple tree is well known to gardeners. In terms of its characteristics, the variety is excellent for the climatic conditions of central Russia. Winter hardiness, and most importantly resistance to 4 races of scab - this is not a complete list of the advantages of our hero. Stable yield, productivity over a long period and taste make the culture a welcome guest in any garden. In addition, the tree is small, which means that it is much easier to care for it than for a tall plant. Over the years of cultivation, no particular complaints were revealed. But there are still some drawbacks. They happen most often due to insufficient care. So, when a tree is overloaded with a crop, the size of apples becomes smaller, the same can be observed with improper pruning of the Orlovsky Pioneer, which leads to a thickening of the crown.