Plum variety Fast-fruited

Early - a variety of Chinese Plum (Prunus salicina) with early ripening fruits. Bred at the All-Russian Institute of Selection and Technology of Horticulture and Nursery (VSTISP). Obtained by crossing the Ussuriyskaya red with the American Climax variety. In Russia, it is found everywhere - from Leningrad to the Far East, inclusive, and even in some regions of Siberia. The authorship belongs to H.K. Enikeev and S.N. Satarova. In 1960, the variety was sent for state testing. Since 1965 it has been zoned in the Central (Moscow Region), Central Black Earth (Oryol Region) and Far Eastern (Primorsky Territory) regions.

The trees are medium-sized. The crown is fan-shaped or rounded-spreading, of medium density and foliage. Sometimes the crown is rare. Shoots are not pubescent, colored red-brown. Small buds, deflected from the shoot. Leaves are light green in color, smaller than average, oblong-obovate; the edge of the leaf is framed by a double-gable serration. The surface of the leaf blade is wavy, there is no pubescence on the upper and lower sides. Petioles are of medium length, have glands.

Inflorescences are three-flowered. The petals of the flowers are slightly closed, white. Numerous stamens (24 pieces / flower). The stigma of the pistil is located above the level of the stamens. The ovary is naked. The calyx is cupped. Pedicel is of medium length, glabrous. Flowering and fruit formation occurs on bouquet branches.

Fruits of plum Early-fruiting of medium size (under overload they become smaller), weighing 20 - 28 grams, round in shape, the top and base are also rounded, there is no pubescence; the funnel is shallow, narrow at the base; the abdominal suture is weak or moderate. The appearance of the fruit is attractive. The main color of the skin is yellow, the integumentary color is red, more intense on the sunny side of the fruit. At the same time, ripening fruits of the most varied colors can be on the tree - from yellow to all shades of orange, up to red. The skin itself is thick, rather dense, covered with a weak waxy coating. Peduncles are short or medium in length, with dry separation from the fruit. The seeds are large enough (0.7 g in weight, which is 3.5% of the total mass of the plum), rounded-oval, semi-detachable or inseparable from the pulp.

The pulp is yellow, medium-dense, fine-fiber structure. Above average juiciness. The aroma is strong. Average sugar content. The taste is good, sour-sweet. Tasting assessment of the taste of the variety - 4.5 points. The chemical composition of the fruits: dry matter (13.5%), free acids (2.21%), the amount of sugars (8.78%), ascorbic acid (10.3 mg / 100 g). Economic purpose of the variety: dessert. The level of fruit transportability is average.

Flowering takes place early (May 6 - 15). Early ripening (7-14 August).

The early fruiting rate is high: the trees begin to bear fruit from the 3rd year. The life span of trees is 21 years. Above average yield: 9 kg / der (data for 16 years). Fruiting is not sharply periodic: every 2 - 3 years is barren.

This plum is highly winter-resistant. Frost resistance is also high (up to minus 40 ° C). In winter frosts, shoots are weakly affected, branches - medium. Damage to flower buds by winter frosts and spring frosts is weak. The level of drought resistance is above average.

The variety is relatively resistant to diseases: the degree of damage by clasterosporiosis (perforated leaf spot) is 0, fruit rot - 1 - 2 points, pests (moth, aphid) - 2.5 - 3 points.

The variety is self-fertile. Among the best pollinators of Skoroplodnaya: plum Red ball and any varieties of Alycha hybrid, or Russian Plum (Prunus rossica), blooming in the same period.

This variety of plum is suitable for production, but not suitable for intensive gardening.

The main advantages of this plum include: good quality of fruits, high rates of early maturity and productivity, winter hardiness of flower buds, relative resistance to diseases.

Disadvantages are: inseparability of the bone from the pulp, self-infertility, burns on trees.

When developing new varieties, this plum is valued as a donor of resistance to unfavorable environmental factors. With her participation, breeders G.V. Eremin and S.N. Zabrodina obtained such varieties of cherry plum as Kuban comet, Nayden, Chuk, Sarmatka, etc.

The early-fruiting gives a relatively large percentage of cultivated plants when sown with seeds. The planting procedure is carried out in the fall on well-prepared soil, deepening the seeds by 6 - 7 cm. Before the onset of winter, the beds are mulched with compost or humus (mulch thickness 2 - 4 cm) and wait for spring shoots.