Pear variety Autumn Yakovleva
Autumn Yakovleva is a pear of autumn ripening, obtained at the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Plants named after V.I. I.V. Michurina through crossing of 2 varieties - Daughter of Blankova x Bergamot Esperena. The breeding work was carried out by P.N. Yakovlev, S.P. Yakovlev, Z.N. Tsvetaeva. In 1949, the variety was sent to the State test. Since 1974 it has been zoned in the Central Black Earth (Voronezh, Kursk regions) and Nizhnevolzhsky (Volgograd region) regions. It is most widespread in Central Russia.
The trees are large, with fast growth rates. The crown is spreading, sparse, slightly drooping over time, the shape varies from highly round to wide pyramidal. Skeletal branches grow together firmly. Shoots of dark brown color, medium thickness, curved; lenticels are few in number. Leaves are medium in size, with a wide-pointed tip, wedge-shaped base, directed upward, along the edge there is a serrated serration; the leaf blade has a slightly curved shape. The petioles are long. Stipules subulate. The shoot-forming ability of the variety is high, therefore, with strong pruning, a thickening of the crown is observed. Fruit formations are tied mainly on ringlets and fruit twigs.
The fruits of the Osennyaya Yakovleva pear are medium-sized (130 - 150 g, the largest specimens reach 250 g), ribbed, broad-pear-shaped or irregularly rounded-rhombic in shape. With removable maturity, the main color of the fruit is green, the integumentary color appears as a slight blush on the sunny side. In the period of consumer maturity, the main color changes to a greenish-yellow, the integumentary color passes over a smaller part of the fruit in the form of a diffuse carmine blush. Also, large brown subcutaneous dots are visible on the skin. Peduncles are straight, of medium length and thickness. The funnel is of medium depth, wide, without rusting. The cup is medium in size, open type. The saucer is small, wide, slightly ribbed. The heart is oval, wide. Seed chambers are closed. Seeds are large, ovoid, light brown.
The pulp is dense, oily, non-granular, slightly aromatic, tastes melting, juicy, rather tender, sweet, impatient, with a slight nutmeg aftertaste. Tasting score - 4.8 - 4.9 points. The biochemical composition of the fruits is as follows: the sum of sugars - 9.0%, acidity - 0.08%, ascorbic acid - 12.0 mg / 100 g, catechins - 38.8 mg / 100 g. The use of the variety is universal: jams, preserves, marmalade , wine, compotes, candied fruits
The time for the removable ripeness of the fruit falls on the 2nd half of August. In a refrigerated fruit storage, the consumption period lasts until the end of October.
Fruiting begins from the 5th year after planting in the garden, but later dates are also noted. The crops are characterized by abundance (on average 30 - 35 kg / tree). The general level of winter hardiness of the variety is average. In the conditions of Michurinsk, winter hardiness is assessed as satisfactory. Frost resistance - up to minus 32 ° C. The level of drought tolerance is quite high. In the epiphytotic years, there is a strong scab damage to the fruits.
Autumn Yakovleva is used in breeding work. With her participation, the Debutante pear (VNIIG and SPR named after IV Michurin, through free pollination of Autumn Yakovlev), zoned in the Middle Volga region, and a number of elite forms were bred.
Among the main advantages of this pear: high taste characteristics of the fruit (used as a donor on this basis), abundant harvests.
The main disadvantages include: the susceptibility of fruits to scab, the large size of the trees, insufficient winter hardiness, and late fruiting.
Autumn Yakovleva has been growing on our site for 9 years. It entered fruiting in the 6th year. The tree is quite tall. We took this fact into account when landing, from neighbors we landed at a distance of 5 meters. The pear is prone to scab, so I carry out regular preventive treatment against fungal and bacterial diseases. The fruits are very tasty, ripen at the end of August. With careful removal and storage in the basement, the fruits lie until the New Year and become tastier. The pears are juicy, there is no graininess. In the conditions of the middle zone, it froze slightly. In my opinion, this is a worthy late variety that requires proper farming techniques.
Autumn Yakovleva has been growing here for a very long time - 15 years for sure. The harvest began to give relatively early - in the 6th year. The tree has a very good yield - there are fruits every year, but I consider this to be an advantage not of a variety, but of a pollinator that grows with neighbors behind a fence. The pears are not very large, in full ripeness they are very tasty with a pleasant refreshing aftertaste, aromatic and juicy. If you are not late in picking up the fruits, then pears can be stored in a dark, cool place for a month and a half. This variety is the only one that has been growing in our country for such a long time and practically without problems - all other pears die due to the proximity of groundwater, from which I conclude that it has a stable root system. But on the other hand, there is another drawback - the tree is susceptible to fungal diseases, but it is easier to deal with them than with groundwater (we carry out preventive treatments with copper-containing preparations). And yet - the tree is very large (for a small area it will be problematic).