Pear variety Severyanka

Severyanka is an early summer pear variety of the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Plants named after V.I. I.V. Michurin. Bred through hybridization of 2 varieties - Koperechka Michurinskaya No. 12 (Ussuriyskaya pear x Bere Ligel) x Favorite klappa. The author is P.N. Yakovlev. To the Chelyabinsk breeding station named after I.V. Michurin seedling was introduced by P.A. Zhavoronkov under the name Yakovlev's Seedling No. 103. Since 1959, the variety was sent for State testing, and in 1965 it was zoned in a number of regions of the Volga-Vyatka, Middle Volga, Ural, West Siberian, East Siberian and Far Eastern regions. It was most widespread in Bashkiria, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan and Kostanay regions. Until now, the Severyanka pear remains one of the most widespread in the Urals. Recently, however, its production value has noticeably decreased and it is practically not used in new plantings.

The trees are of medium size and fairly fast growth rates. Shoot-forming ability is high. Crohn medium thickened, broadly pyramidal, almost round. The branches are very thick and long; when they leave the trunk, they form an angle with it that is close to right. The bark on the trunk and skeletal branches with a smooth surface, gray in color. Mixed fruiting.

Shoots are of medium thickness, slightly geniculate, light green in color; non-lignified shoots with light hairiness. Leaves are dark green in color, obovate, significantly folded, with a wide, slightly pointed tip and sharply serrated edges. The leaf blade is concave, slightly curved, with a rounded base. Petioles are green, short in length. Stipules are of medium size, saber-shaped.

The flowers are white, saucer-shaped, the petals are white, medium-closed, with smooth edges. Inflorescences have 4 to 6 flowers. The stigmas of the pistils are located below the level of the anthers.

The fruits of the Severyanka pear are irregular in size, below average (the average weight of the fruit is 80 - 85 g, the maximum weight does not exceed 120 g). The shape of the fruit is truncated-conical. During the period of removable ripeness, the main color of the fruit is greenish-yellow, the integumentary color occupies less than half of the pear's surface in the form of a weak blurred tan. During the period of consumption, the main color becomes more yellow with a slight greenish color, and the integumentary color takes the form of a dull pink blush. The skin on the fruit is dull, rather thick and firm, but not too coarse. Peduncles of medium thickness, long, straight or slightly curved, oblique. The funnel is small and narrow in shape. The calyx is medium in size. The saucer is small and wide. The sub-cup tube is short, wide, conical in length. The heart is small, bulbous. The seed chambers are small, closed. There are few seeds in the fruits, they are rather large in size, dark brown in color.

The pulp is creamy, medium density, satisfactory taste - crispy, juicy, slightly aromatic, sour-sweet (wine-sweet), impatient. By chemical composition, the fruits contain: sugars (11.8%), acids (0.38%), catechins (51 mg / 100 g), ascorbic acid (5.6 mg / 100 g). The variety is universal for its intended purpose.

The period of removable fruit ripeness falls on the end of the first decade of August. The consumption period lasts about 10 - 14 days (if the crop is stored in a cellar), after which the pulp begins to turn brown. If you eat the fruits a little earlier (5 - 7 days before full ripeness), then the terms of consumption of fresh pears can be extended to 2 months when stored in the refrigerator.

It is also worth noting that although the fruits are very firmly held on the trees, when fully ripe, they completely crumble in 2 - 3 days. In this regard, it is also recommended to eat the fruits slightly ahead of time, 3 - 5 days earlier.

Pear Severyanka belongs to the early-fruiting and high-yielding varieties.The first crop can be harvested as early as 3-4 years after planting, after which the yield increases at a very fast pace. A tree at the age of 6 - 7 years brings up to 20 kg of yield. With regular proper care and good watering, the average yield of an adult tree reaches 45 - 60 kg, and in especially favorable years, up to 100 - 110 kg of fruits can be harvested from one tree.

The self-fertility of the variety is average. With self-pollination, up to 30 - 35% of the fruits are tied.

In general, the winter hardiness of the Severyanka pear is considered very high. Although according to the recorded data after the harsh winter of 1978 - 1979. in Ufa, when the temperature dropped to minus 50 ° C, 2 young pears were completely frozen in the garden. And after December 2009, when the snow cover was practically absent, and the temperature reached minus 42 ° C, the aboveground part of some trees was almost completely frozen. Nevertheless, it is worth noting the high recovery capacity of the variety after harsh winters.

The drought resistance of the variety is average, with scant precipitation and rare watering, the ripening period is delayed, the fruits are slightly smaller, their taste deteriorates. Scab resistance is very high (practically not affected). The variety is resistant to pear gall mite and moth. After freezing, the leaves and growths of the current year can be affected by bacterial diseases (up to 1 - 2 points).

The main advantages of this pear are: small tree size, good early maturity and productivity, high winter hardiness, universal fruits.

The disadvantages include: strong crumbling during ripening, small size and only a satisfactory taste of the fruit.

Severyanka is often used in breeding work as a valuable source variety. With her participation in VNIISPK, new varieties of pears were developed, which are undergoing the State test: Yeseninskaya (Severyanka Ch Olivier de Serre) and Tyutchevskaya ((Severyanka Ch Rossoshanskaya early x Merezhka) Ch Gerve).