Jubilee grape variety
It is no secret that a stereotype is firmly entrenched in our minds that grapes are an exclusively southern culture, and its cultivation in the harsh conditions of central Russia, the Urals and Siberia is virtually impossible. However, scientists and amateur breeders from the most diverse regions of our country have been working for many years to break this cliché, achieving significant success in this field. One of the institutions whose employees, since Soviet times, have been engaged in acclimatization and breeding of new varieties for northern viticulture, is the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture. The work on the "sun berry" has been carried out here since the 30s of the last century, on the basis of the Kushnarenkovsky selection center for fruit and berry crops, which is a structural subdivision of the Institute.
Over a long period of their work, Bashkir researchers have brought out a number of promising novelties, some of which even managed to pass the state variety testing, being honored to be included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation.
One of these officially recognized varieties is the Yubileiny grape, released in the Ural region in 1999. Its authors were the breeders of the BNIISH L.N. Sterlyaeva, N.V. Maistrenko and M.G. Abdeeva. They have chosen a rather interesting pair of grape forms for crossing. The role of the maternal variety was performed by the old French table variety with a functionally female type of flower Madeleine Angevin, and the paternal variety was performed by the early Malengr, who is the parent of Madeleine herself. Thus, a technique was implemented, known in breeding as backcrossing, which makes it possible to enhance the valuable qualities of the paternal variety.
As a result, Yubileiny became the owner of such undoubted advantages as early maturity, winter hardiness, increased resistance to diseases and pests. The yield of our hero also turned out to be very decent. But it does not shine with large-fruited, although medium-sized clusters are often found. The taste of the berries is quite pleasant, and the noticeable nutmeg aroma emphasizes the nobility of the variety.
Unfortunately, it has not yet received wide distribution, remaining at the moment underestimated by amateur winegrowers and farmers.
Agrobiological properties
The growth vigor of the bushes is moderate. Leaves of medium size, elongated in length, may consist of three or five lobes, between which there is a strong dissection. The leaf blade is slightly wrinkled, light green with a slight gloss on the surface. On the dorsum, a bristly pubescence of medium intensity can be seen. The petioles do not exceed the length of the main vein of the leaf too much. The flowers are bisexual, which allows plants to pollinate well, forming berries without signs of peas. The variety also does not show a tendency to shedding buds and ovaries. The growth of the current year ripens on time and fully, providing the vine with good resistance to low winter temperatures.
Ripe clusters grow medium in size. The mass of the brushes varies from 120 to 250 grams, their shape is conical or winged, the density is from moderate to high. The combs are herbaceous, light green, sometimes with signs of anthocyanin pigmentation. In overly knocked bunches, there may be some deformation of the grapes. The berries themselves are round or slightly oval, golden-green in color with a light prune layer on the surface. The weight of 100 pieces is about 210 - 230 grams.The flesh of the fruit is fleshy and crunchy, has an excellent, balanced taste, as well as a noticeable nutmeg aroma that lasts a long time in the aftertaste. The juice squeezed from grapes is colorless, it is distinguished by average sugar content - 13 - 14 g / 100 ml, with a very low titratable acidity - 1 - 2 g / l. The vitamin C content is about 7 mg per 100 g of fruit. The seeds are present in small quantities in berries. The skin is chewed when eaten. General tasting grapes are very worthy - 8.5 points on a 10-point scale.
The resulting crop is versatile in the direction of use. Due to its excellent gastronomic qualities, it is well suited for fresh consumption. Of course, it is worth recognizing that there are no special market prospects for Yubileiny, primarily due to the very modest size of the bunches, however, for home cultivation and use, it is quite good, given the unpretentiousness that the bushes have. In addition, our hero can find wide application in a variety of preservation, be it juice, compote, preserves, jam or marinade. All these products are guaranteed to take on the exquisite aroma of the fruit, and in winter they delight all family members of the grower with the scent of summer. The transportability indicators of this variety are average, but the need for its transportation over long distances usually does not arise. The ability of grapes to persist for many months is also not worth expecting, and in order to extend the terms of its fresh consumption as much as possible, it is necessary to use refrigeration chambers. Extra time can be gained if harvesting is carried out carefully, taking care not to damage the protective wax layer on the surface of the berries.
The growing season of Jubilee can be very varied. The first clusters can be cut after 125 - 130 days after the buds awaken in the spring, which makes the variety one of the early ripening ones. Moreover, if climatic conditions permit, and primarily the duration of the frost-free period, this period can be extended to 165 - 170 days. As a result, the berries gain additional sugar, and the nutmeg tones in the aroma become brighter. The sum of active temperatures, the minimum required for the grapes to reach removable ripeness, is 2200 - 2300 ° C. These are fairly modest requirements, and,
The yield of our hero is relatively high. The average indicator for years, shown by him during the state variety testing, amounted to 119 centners / ha, and in some favorable seasons it reached 185 centners from the same unit of area. At the same time, the productivity of individual bushes is far from being a record, but due to the possibility of their relatively dense planting, the total mass of the resulting bunches reaches significant values. According to the recommended planting scheme, the distance between rows should be 2.5 meters, and between plants in a row - 1.2 - 1.5 m. Thus, up to 3 - 3.5 thousand bushes can be placed on a hectare of vineyard. Plants are not predisposed to overloads, and therefore, the rationing of yield is reduced to competent annual pruning and the subsequent removal of sterile shoots in the early stages of the growing season.In the spring, the bushes are loaded with 25 - 30 eyes, while shortening the fruit arrows to 6 - 8 buds. The number of bunches on fruit-bearing vines is not limited.
Yubileiny demonstrates increased resistance to fungal diseases, and therefore can be cultivated with a sparing pesticide load, forming a fairly environmentally friendly crop.
