Grape variety Zarya Nesvetaya

Zarya Nesvetaya is a high-quality hybrid form of table grapes obtained by the famous national breeder from Novoshakhtinsk, Rostov region, Evgeny Pavlovsky. On the account of the researcher, dozens of varieties bred by him, some of which were even honored to be included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation. And among amateur winegrowers, Pavlovsky's varieties and hybrids deservedly enjoy immense popularity and respect.

In the rich list of achievements of Evgeny Georgievich, our heroine is far from the last place. It is distinguished by remarkable large-fruited, elegant appearance, high yield, excellent sugar accumulation, excellent taste and nutmeg aroma of berries. What else do you need to win the love of a large army of fans? Of course, it is impossible to call a complex-stable form, but the average resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions that it possesses is quite enough for trouble-free cultivation by a winegrower who has at least a basic understanding of the agricultural technology of culture.

The splendor of the aesthetic and gastronomic qualities of Zarya Nesvetaya, of course, were passed on to her from her parents, for whom the breeder used the most famous domestic variety Mascot, and incomparable, but, unfortunately, already rare grapes on our plots - Cardinal... By the way, this is one of Pavlovsky's favorite parental couples, from which, in addition to our heroine, a number of his masterpieces originated. All of them may differ from each other, but, nevertheless, they invariably delight their owners with high quality and productivity.

Agrobiological characteristics

Bushes grow vigorous with great vigor. The crown of a young shoot is light green, without strong pubescence, young leaves are shiny, wrinkled, pale green with a barely noticeable bronze tint. The standard leaf is large, rounded, and has five blades strongly split between each other. The surface of the leaf is reticulate-wrinkled, the pubescence on the dorsum is practically absent. The profile of the leaf blade is wavy. The upper lateral incisions are deep, often closed with an ovoid lumen, sometimes open lyre-shaped with a rounded bottom. The lower incisions differ little in depth from the upper ones, but at the same time their shape is predominantly closed without a gap, or open, slit-like. The petiole notch is open, vaulted or lyre-shaped. Petioles are long, greenish-red from anthocyanin pigmentation. The denticles along the perimeter of the grape leaf blade differ significantly from each other in size, while in shape they are equally triangular with an average base width, convex edges and blunt tops. The flowers of the variety are bisexual, and therefore, regardless of the weather conditions during the flowering period, they are well fertilized with their own pollen, subsequently forming large berries without signs of peas. Ripening of annual shoots of Zarya Nesvetaya occurs at least 80% of their length. At the same time, they acquire a yellowish brown color.

The bunches are large in size with an average weight of 700-900 grams, a conical or cylindro-conical shape and a moderately dense or loose structure. Rough pegs are not too long, green, herbaceous, with good attachment of weighty fruits to the vine. The berries are weakly oval, of an attractive dark red color with a thick waxy bloom on the surface, very large. The weight of a standard grape is 10-12 grams, and many even more. Within the brush, the berries are well aligned, which has a positive effect on their presentation. Deformation of grapes against each other in the variety usually does not occur, and only in the densest bunches such a flaw can be noticed. The pulp of the fruit is fleshy-crunchy, with a harmonious taste and a bright, memorable aroma of nutmeg.Sugar accumulation is high - up to 20 g / 100 ml of juice, the titratable acidity is moderate - 5-6 g / l. The skin is firm but easy to chew. There are 1-2 seeds in the berry, which do not have a significant negative effect on the palatability of the grapes when eaten. In general, Zarya Nesvetaya deserves only positive reviews from the tasters.

The largest volumes of the harvested crop are used for fresh consumption. And this is quite true, since a high-quality hybrid was created for this. Large, very appetizing bunches invariably attract the attention of buyers in the market, and sweet, aromatic berries literally fall in love with those who once tasted them. The variety is very marketable, and, moreover, it is quite profitable, since the ripe crop goes on sale relatively early, before the period of sharp drops in prices during the collection of old, widespread varieties. All this cannot but arouse interest among farmers who cultivate grapes for commercial purposes. An important point for them is also the possibility of transporting the collected bunches over long distances and their rather long storage, due to their good transportability and keeping quality. In individual amateur farms, where the crop is grown for their own consumption, Zarya Nesvetaya is also widely popular for its comparative unpretentiousness and high productivity. Surplus yields of a generous hybrid are successfully used here in home preservation, making delicious and aromatic compotes, juices, jams and marinades.

Our hero in the south reaches the readiness for harvesting in the first half of August, thereby characterizing the variety as early maturing. The growing season for her is 100-110 days, and the need for the sum of active temperatures is 2200-2300 ° С. With such modest indicators, it may well grow not only in traditional wine-growing regions, but also in rather cool areas of the middle zone of the country. In particular, the required level of SAT may well be provided at the latitude of such cities as Moscow, Kazan or Chelyabinsk, which means that grapes will be able to ripen here in full. The only limitation in the progress of the variety to the north can be considered its not too high frost resistance - about -23 ° С. However, with careful shelter of the vines for the winter, this circumstance ceases to be an obstacle to the cultivation of Zarya Nesvetaya, even in a harsh climate.

The yield of this hybrid form is more than decent. With good care and favorable weather conditions, up to 20-25 kilograms of grapes can be harvested from an adult bush that has accumulated a significant amount of perennial wood. A highly productive variety holds such a significant load well, but it is also capable of laying crops that are unbearable for itself, in connection with which situations occur when the plants are clearly overloaded. This is manifested in a sharp decrease in the palatability of fruits, lengthening of their ripening, a decrease in the strength of shoot growth and a number of other negative signals. The grower must carefully and seriously analyze the current situation in order to prevent such omissions in the future, since bushes weakened by long-term overloads can, in the end, simply die.

On the vine, a ripe crop can remain for a long period of time. Berries are not afraid of either high temperatures, at which other varieties may have fruit raisins or burns. Grapes do not crack even in damp weather, and only in exceptional cases, when a prolonged period of drought is replaced by heavy rains, can their slight "crackle" be noted.Wasps also do not attempt on grapes, as the strong skin of the berries reliably protects them from annoying insects.

Agrotechnical features

The economic characteristics of Zarya Nesvetaya inspire serious optimism about the prospects for its cultivation under conditions of not always ideal care, as well as in a climate that differs from year to year and from region to region. With her comparative unpretentiousness, she continues to win the hearts of more and more fans.

So, the hybrid makes only standard requirements for placement conditions, universal for all varieties of grapes. In particular, plants cannot tolerate excess moisture in the soil, which manifests itself in damp, wetlands and on lands with a level of groundwater occurrence close to the surface. High soil fertility is not a necessary factor, however, on poor soils, you should not count on record yields. The need for heat, as already mentioned, is very modest for the variety, and therefore measures to increase SAT may be required only in the northernmost regions of cultivation. The simplest, and at the same time the most reliable of them, is planting grapes on the upper parts of the southern slopes, or in a wall culture, protected by plants from cold winds with the help of buildings or fences on the site.

Reproduction of Zarya Nesvetaya can take place in two ways - by rooting cuttings and planting plants on their own roots, or by grafting onto various types of rootstocks, as a rule, phylloxera-resistant. The second option is an order of magnitude more complicated, and therefore it is forcedly applied in areas where the malicious soil pest of grapes - the root phylloxera - is spread. These places are localized mainly in the zone of traditional southern viticulture, therefore, outside of its borders, plantings of their own are safe. In order for mature bushes not to exhaust their strength in competition with each other, they are provided with a sufficient feeding area, which in the case of vigorous plants should not be less than 4.5-5 sq. meters.

The need to cover the vine is determined depending on the local temperature lows in winter. Most often, the variety is cultivated with insulation, since its frost resistance at -23 ° C is sufficient only for the conditions of the extreme south and the subtropical coast of the Black Sea.

On the grape bushes that have entered fruiting, measures are annually carried out to normalize the load, including spring pruning, breaking and removing unnecessary bunches on the shoots. In the spring, the plants are loaded with 30-40 eyes, cutting off the fruit arrows by 6-8 buds. After the beginning of the growing season, the sterile and weak shoots break off, and before flowering, all the inflorescences are removed on the remaining ones, keeping one per shoot.

Fighting fungal diseases will not be too tiring due to the variety's medium resistance to them. In order to reliably protect plants and crops from common pathogens, 3-4 standard complex spraying of Zarya Nesvetaya with fungicides will be enough.