Cherry variety Anthracite

Of course, it is corny to say once again that the cherry was, is and will be a real decoration of any garden. And there are more and more people who want to grow this culture every year. But what about the owners of small areas who cannot place a tall plant on it? There is only one way out - to select the appropriate varieties. For example, Anthracite refers to miniature crops, and does not require too much space for growth. In 1985, the All-Russian Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops announced the creation of this novelty. The authorship is assigned to A.F. Kolesnikova, G.B. Zhdanova, T.A. Trofimova. The variety was obtained by selection from seedlings from free pollination of a well-known species Black consumer goods. Our heroine was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of Russia in 2006. The admission region is Central, which includes several regions: Bryansk, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tula.

Description

The plant is small, only about 2 meters high, which makes tree maintenance much easier for many gardeners. By the nature of growth and fruiting, the cherry is bushy. Crohn Anthracite medium thickened, broadly spreading, raised. The root is powerful, able to penetrate into the deep layers of the soil. The leaves of the variety are dark green, obovate, with a rounded base and a pointed tip, about 7 cm long. The edges of the leaf plate have a blunt serrated serration. The surface of the leaf is smooth, slightly shiny, curved upwards. There are 2 - 3 glands on the base of the plate. The petiole is pigmented; traces of anthocyanin coloration are present on the entire surface. Petiole length 12 mm, width 1.8 mm. The inflorescence consists of 3 flowers. The corolla of the flower is open, 23.5 mm in diameter, white petals, free. The anthers are located above the stigma of the pistil. The length of the pistil is 6.5 mm, the length of the stamens is 7.4 mm. The calyx is narrow-calcined, the sepals are weakly serrated. Buds are 3 mm long, cone-shaped, grow tightly pressed against the shoot. Anthracite fruiting occurs on bouquet branches and growths of the last year.

The berries of the variety have a beautiful wide-heart or round shape, medium in size - height 21 mm, width 16 mm, thickness 14 mm. The appearance of cherry fruits is rated very high - 4.9 points. The mass of berries is 4.1 - 5.0 grams. The top of the fruit is round, the funnel is wide. The peduncle is of medium length and thickness. Detachment from the fruit is easy, relatively dry. The skin is of medium density, glossy, dark burgundy in color, and in the period of full ripeness it is almost black. The pulp is dark red, moderately firm, juicy and tender. The taste is sweet and sour, good. Assessment of tasters - 4 points. The juice is colored dark red, which ranks our heroine as a griot, or morel. The stone is round or elliptical, yellow in color, with a rounded top, weighing 0.23 grams, which is 5.6% of the total weight of the fruit, it is quite easily separated from the pulp. The berries contain: 16.4% dry matter, 11.2% sugars, 1.63% acids.

Variety characteristics

• Anthracite ripens in medium terms. According to VNIISPK, the beginning of this period falls on July 16 - 23;
• the cherry tree begins to bear fruit in the 4th year after planting with an annual sapling, which indicates a good early maturity;
• yield, according to the State Register, is high. According to VNIISPK, it is about 96.3 c / ha, the maximum rate is 106.6 c / ha. Up to 15.2 kg of fruit can be harvested from an eight-year-old tree;
• flowering takes place on average - May 14 - 20, which avoids recurrent cold snaps;
• the tree has a productive life of about 18 years;
• winter hardiness is noted by the State Register as high. According to some reports, the root system is able to withstand up to -37 ° C. The kidneys are not afraid of winter temperature drops;
• the degree of drought resistance of Anthracite, when, with a limited supply of moisture, the cherry is able not to reduce productivity and maintain the duration of the productive period - medium;
• the immunity of the variety is generally good. Coccomycosis and moniliosis, if affected, are moderate. With timely preventive measures, the threat of infection is reduced significantly;
• when transporting the crop, the fruits are able to maintain their integrity and marketable appearance. Excellent shelf life - up to 45 days, subject to storage rules;
• the way of eating fruits is universal. In the summer heat, cherries will perfectly quench the feeling of thirst and refresh, it can be used to prepare all kinds of desserts, jelly, compotes. The berry jam turns out to be aromatic and tasty, and the jam is thick and unusually beautiful. The increased dry matter content makes it possible to dry berries for the winter. Deep freezing is possible, extending the shelf life of the fruits almost until spring.

Pollinators

Anthracite is considered a partially self-fertile crop, therefore, even without cross-pollination, it is able to independently form up to 19% of the fruits of the total number of flowers on the tree. But for a plant to reach its true potential, a reliable pollinator is needed. For our heroine, this is the Vladimirskaya variety. But if Nochka, Shokoladnitsa or Shubinka have already been planted nearby, they will also do a good job.

Planting and leaving

It is advisable to purchase one- or two-year-old cherry seedlings. Planting trees can be done in spring or fall. Both of these periods have both pros and cons. If the seedling is not planted in time in the fall, then the tree may freeze. Spring planting will require more maintenance - without the necessary watering, the seedling will dry out. Try to choose a sunny place for the variety, preferably in the southern or southwestern part of the garden, a very slight slope of the surface is allowed. It has a negative effect on the Anthracite accumulation of groundwater, so the level of their passage should not exceed 1.5 - 2.0 meters to the surface. The variety is not whimsical to soils, but it grows better on well-fertilized, loose loam. Sandstones work well, but they will require more frequent watering and fertilization. Care is not difficult, but requires some knowledge. The plant can be watered 3-4 times during the growing season, but abundantly, so that moisture can saturate the roots that penetrate deep into the ground. Top dressing begins 2 years after planting. In the spring, nitrogen-containing fertilizers are used, in the fall - potassium-phosphorus fertilizers, they will help prepare the tree for winter. Pruning is mandatory.

Anthracite, despite a relatively short period of existence, has declared itself quite successfully. Due to the large number of positive characteristics, the variety shows excellent performance in private and industrial plantings. With a simple care, an adult tree is capable of producing excellent yields of high-quality fruits. For an inexperienced gardener, cherries will forgive a lack of attention. The way of using the crop is varied, allowing housewives to demonstrate their knowledge and imagination. The only drawback is insufficient resistance to coccomycosis and moniliosis. But with proper care, this problem can be avoided.