Cherry variety Rossoshanskaya black

Cherries come in different shades of red. Many gardeners love fruits that are dark, rich in color. Of the dark-fruited varieties for the central zone of Russia, Rossoshanskaya black is suitable. This variety is well known; A.Ya. Voronchikhina, the birthplace of culture - Rossoshanskaya zonal experimental gardening station. Genetic material - Black consumer goods (paternal line) and cherry named Form No. 2. Date of application for registration of a new variety was filed in 1973. The variety was entered into the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation in 1986, with an admission in the North Caucasus, Central Black Earth and Lower Volga regions. This cherry is in demand in private gardens, and is widely used in commercial plantings.

Description

The plant is quite compact, the usual height of the tree is 3 - 4 meters. The crown of Rossoshanskaya black is rare, the foliage is weak. Over time, there is a strong exposure of the branches that make up the basis of the crown. The shape of the crown is pyramidal, with a wide base or hundred-like (according to the State Register, it is spherical-raised). The bark covering the trunk is gray, mostly smooth, sometimes with slight roughness; longitudinal cracking is absent or only slightly manifested. In mature trees, the bark darkens and becomes grayish-black. The number of convex lentils is large. They range in size from long and narrow to moderate in length and width. The curliness of the trunk was not noticed. The shoots of the variety are upright, less often with a slight bend, internodes are medium or long. The young shoot has a greenish-brown bark, then a grayish tint appears and a characteristic longitudinal striping at the base (alternating stripes of silver-gray and olive-brown shades). The shoot is glabrous, moderately covered with small gray transverse lenticels. Cherry leaf bud of ovoid shape, with a pointed tip, large - 4 - 5 mm, spaced from the shoot. The flower bud has a similar shape, but the top is more rounded, the size is large - 4 - 5 mm, rejected from the shoot.

The leaves of the variety are oval, with a strongly, sometimes sharply pointed tip, the base is arcuate or broadly wedge-shaped, the edges are double-toothed, with medium or fine serration. The size of the leaf blade of Rossoshanskaya black on young shoots: length 9 - 10 cm, width 4 - 5 cm. The surface of the leaf is leathery, slightly wrinkled along the lateral veins, not pubescent, with a slight sheen. Concavity is observed to a greater or lesser extent along the central vein. The color of the cherry leaf plate is green above, grayish-green below, the underside of the leaf has very sparse and weak pubescence along the lateral veins. The petiole is slightly pubescent from above, glabrous below, of a dull, dirty-burgundy shade, the thickness is usual, the length is 20 - 25 cm. The glands are from 1 to 2, however, sometimes they are absent. Rossoshanskaya black has no stipules.

The generative bud contains 2 flowers, less often 1 or 3. The shape of the flower is wide-chained, 20-25 mm in diameter, the petals are rounded or wide-round (the width is greater than the height), the arrangement is overlapping. At the very beginning of cherry blossoms, the flowers are snow-white, towards the end they acquire a pinkish tint. The stigma of the pistil is insignificant, it rises 1 - 2 mm above the anthers. The pistil with the ovary is 10 - 12 mm long, the stamens are 5 - 6 mm long. The calyx is short-bell-shaped, the sepals are elongated-broad-lanceolate, unclosed, serrated, pink at the edges, by the end of flowering they acquire a pink-purple color. The sepals are equal to the length of the calyx tube; at the beginning of flowering, the sepals are erect, then bend back and press against the tube.

Drupes are above average, weighing from 4.0 to 4.5 grams. Dimensions: height 21 mm, width 21 mm, thickness 19 mm. The shape is rounded or somewhat rounded-oval, from the sides there is a slight or medium flattening, the surface is tuberous.The top of the fruit is rounded, the remnants of the pistil in the form of a point are hardly noticeable, the funnel is shallow and wide. The skin is glossy, dark cherry, almost black in color. The pulp of a uniform color is dark cherry, almost black. The consistency is dense, which is not typical for cherries, thick, fleshy, juicy. The juice is colored dark red. The taste is very pleasant, sour-sweet, the assessment of the tasters is 4.5 points. 100 grams of Rossosh black pulp contains: soluble solids from 10.9 to 18.3%, sugars from 8.5 to 12.3%, titratable acids from 1.1 to 1.9%, tannins and dyes 0, 1 - 0.2%. The peduncle is short, only 2.5 - 2.8 cm long, up to 1 mm thick, the fusion with the stone is average. In fully ripe berries, the separation from the stalk is almost dry. In immature, the stalk can be separated with a small piece of skin, which can cause sap to escape. The stone weighing 0.33 grams is considered small, occupying about 7.3% of the total mass of the drupe. The color is brown-beige. The shape of the stone is rounded-oval, with a beveled and rounded top, a rounded and often flat base. From the pulp it is badly dressed.

Variety characteristics

• The early maturity of Rossosh black is rather high. Plants grafted on antipka begin to bear fruit in 3 - 4 years after planting in a permanent place;
• cherry blossoms at a later date, so there is no reason to fear return frosts;
• fruit ripening period - early-middle. In the south of the Central Black Earth District, you can start harvesting in the third decade of June;
• the yield is increasing, but not very quickly. At 3 years old, 3-4 kg of berries can be harvested from a tree, the yield for the first 4 years is about 5.5 kg. At the age of 6 - 11 years, this figure is 15.3 kg, in the most successful years, 20 - 25 kg are harvested from one tree;
• after ripening, the berry does not crumble, which is very suitable for summer residents who visit the sites only on weekends;
• for the south of the Central Chernozem region, the winter hardiness of cherries is very high. Even in unfavorable winters, the average level of freezing was only 1 point. For 10 years of studying the variety, freezing of generative buds was no more than 10%;
• drought resistance of the plant is moderate;
• disease resistance in Rossosh black is not very high. If the weather is cool and rainy during flowering, the tree can be heavily affected by moniliosis. Coccomycosis can harm to a moderate or severe degree;
• fruits are highly marketable, able to withstand transportation over long distances;
• the way of using the crop is universal. Cherries have a pleasant taste and are used naturally. The variety is well suited for processing into preserves, compotes, jam, liqueur. Thanks to the dense pulp, the fruits are perfectly preserved. The technological qualities of the berries were rated very highly: the assessment of compotes over the past 8 years of study averaged 4.7 points for the appearance of the product, for taste - 4.3 points.

Pollinators

Rossosh black is partially self-fertile. To help the species reach its full potential, it is recommended to plant suitable pollinators nearby that bloom at the same time as the species described.

Planting and leaving

Cherry planting period in the regions allowed for cultivation is autumn. But you can also plant the variety in the spring. The site should be well lit, the soil is loamy, with zero acidity. Watering an adult tree is carried out 3-4 times during the growing season, but abundant, so that moisture penetrates into the soil by 50-60 cm. Be sure to adjust the irrigation schedule with precipitation so that waterlogging does not occur. A prerequisite for care is preventive treatments for diseases and pests. After the formation of the crown, thinning and sanitary pruning is carried out as necessary.Top dressing is applied starting from the second year of planting. The fertilizer rate for a young tree is slightly lower than for a tree that has entered the fruiting period. Nitrogen-containing substances are applied in the spring to accelerate the growth of shoots and foliage. In autumn, to increase winter hardiness, they are fed with phosphorus and potassium. Organic matter for digging is applied once every 3 years.

Rossoshanskaya black is valued for the high quality of fruits, their universal use, and good transportability. It is easy to care for a short tree, and it will not take up much space in the garden. Maybe someone will be saddened by the not very high yield, but here, as they say, less is better, but better, because the taste of the berries is excellent. Another disadvantage of the variety is its weak immunity. But if the cherries are well cared for, then there are no problems.