Apple variety Marat Busurin

In the Central region of Russia, scab is one of the most common diseases of apple trees, which not only spoils the appearance of the fruits, but also reduces the winter hardiness of trees. Breeders consider the creation of new varieties resistant to this insidious disease as a way out of this difficult situation. When taking on work, scientists first of all try to use varieties that have resistance to fungal disease and can transmit this quality through inheritance. One of such carriers of resistance genes is cultivar SR0523 (Red Melba x (Wolf River x M. atrosanguinea 804)). It was used to create a new variety Marat Busurin, the author of which is the famous breeder of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor V.V. Kichina. The co-authors of the novelty are: S.F. Agapkina, N.G. Morozova, L. F Tilunova. The second parental form was Autumn joywhich is also scab resistant and has beautiful, tasty fruits. In 1997, the novelty entered the variety testing, and in 2001 it was entered into the State Register of Breeding Achievements of Russia, having received admission in the Central Region, which includes 8 regions: Bryansk, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Smolensk and Tula. The variety quickly became accustomed to the gardens of the Moscow region, it is considered very promising for areas located north of Moscow. The applicant and originator of the apple tree is the All-Russian Institute of Selection and Technology of Horticulture and Nursery.

Description

The plant belongs to natural semi-dwarfs, has an average energy of development of the crown and branches. Annual growth usually does not exceed 25 cm. The tree is medium-sized, standard type, neat, the height does not exceed 3 meters. Crohn medium thickened, broadly rounded, spreading. Shoots of medium length and thickness, rounded in cross section, glabrous, with brown bark, located horizontally. Lentils are light, small. Skeletal branches, densely covered with ringlets, are attached to the stem at an angle of about 90 °, which is considered almost ideal, since it creates a strong intergrowth of wood. That is why the variety is recognized as one of the most promising for use as a skeleton builder. The bark of the trunk and main branches is dark gray. The apple tree bears fruit on ringlets, but often the harvest is formed on two-year-old wood.

Leafiness is rather moderate. The leaves of Marat Busurin are juicy green, sometimes with a yellowish tinge, of medium size, elongated-oval in shape, the top is short-pointed, the base is rounded-wedge-shaped, the edge is serrate, sometimes broadly wavy. The leaf blade is curved along the central vein, the surface is wrinkled, the pubescence is average. The leaf is thick and loose to the touch. The petiole is usually colored on the reverse side, not very long, moderate thickness, no stipules. Apple flowers are white with a noticeable pinkish tinge, rather large, saucer-shaped. The stigma of the pistil is located above the anthers.

The shape of the apples is correct, symmetrical, flattened-rounded; near the calyx, slight ribbing can be observed. The appearance is attractive. The skin is very dense, smooth, the main color is light, greenish-yellow. The cover color occupies 1/3 of the surface in the form of an indistinct striped pattern of pink-red color with a violet tint. Closer to the period of removable ripeness, a not very intense bluish waxy coating appears. Subcutaneous dots are gray, small, almost invisible. The funnel is shallow, wide, blunt-conical, without traces of rusting. The saucer is not wide, grooved. The cup is medium in size. The seed chambers are closed, as a rule, without an axial cavity. The peduncle is very short, medium thick. During storage, the color changes, becoming even more attractive. The surface of the apple takes on a white-marble shade with pink-red stripes.The pulp of the variety is white, dense, prickly, fine-grained, juicy. The aroma is delicate and pleasant. Marat Busurin's taste is very good, sweet and sour, many describe it as sweet with a slight sourness, they call it dessert. Tasting assessment of fresh fruits 4.4 points. Apples are medium to medium sized. Weight according to the State Register is about 108 grams (minimum weight - 80 grams, maximum - 140 grams).

Characteristics

• The early maturity of the apple tree is not bad. Typically, the tree enters the fruiting period 3-4 years after planting. But on rootstocks like MM 109, when a one-year-old seedling is planted in spring, fruiting begins the next year. On the MM 106 rootstock, the first harvest appears at the age of 3 years, but differs in higher quality fruits;
• in terms of ripening, the State Register refers our hero to the early winter, VNIISPK - to the autumn. The harvest ripens in mid-September;
• the plant pleases with the lack of periodicity in fruiting, for such stability it is very appreciated by gardeners;
• yield for the years of variety testing, according to the State Register, averaged about 176 c / ha. Other sources give data on 100 - 120 kg per tree;
• some gardeners recommend harvesting the ripe crop on time, in their opinion, the culture is prone to shedding ripe apples, especially in hot weather;
• the immunity of the apple tree is very good, a special emphasis in the selection process was put on resistance to scab. The result is great. Marat Busurin has a high field resistance to scab (Vm gene). In private gardens and summer cottages, leaves and fruits are practically not affected by this disease. In intensive plantings, where the most favorable conditions for the development of the fungus are created, infection can be avoided thanks to the use of chemicals (alternation of Skor and Rubigan);
• winter hardiness is very good. The variety winters well where it freezes Antonovka ordinary. Altai gardeners also appreciated the high winter hardiness of the culture, noting that even in their not very favorable winter climate, the apple tree practically does not suffer from low temperatures;
• good transportability, dense pulp and strong skin allow the crop to perfectly tolerate long-term transportation;
• despite the fact that the variety belongs to the autumn, it shows good keeping quality. Subject to storage standards, you can enjoy delicious apples until December;
• the way of use is universal. Due to the dessert taste, the fruits of Marat Busurin are eaten with pleasure in their natural form. They are also suitable for processing into jam, confiture, juice, compote, jam and much more.

The State Register and VNIISPK do not provide information about the self-fertility of the variety.

Planting and leaving

Apple tree seedlings can be planted in autumn and spring, so each gardener will be able to independently choose the most suitable period for this procedure, taking into account all the features of the climate. The culture is very unpretentious, but prefers well-lit areas. It is not afraid of the wind, but on the north side it is desirable to have protection in the form of a fence or building. In addition to the types of rootstocks listed above, the plant also succeeds well on dwarf rootstocks Mark and 62 - 396. Crown formation is started immediately after spring planting or the next spring after autumn. Forming a tree is easy because it has an almost perfect arrangement of skeletal branches. Watering and feeding is carried out according to the usual scheme for the culture. Preventive treatments, despite scab resistance, should be carried out as planned. In addition, the spread of pests should be controlled.

Marat Busurin is a very promising variety for the Central region of Russia. The culture is unpretentious and easy to care for. Due to its small size, it will not take up much space in the garden, and it will not be difficult to harvest a succulent crop.The variety is especially valued for its high resistance to scab, excellent winter hardiness. Separately, I would like to note the excellent and stable yield, which is shown by an apple tree with a modest size. Over the years of cultivation, there were no negative reviews of gardeners regarding the characteristics of our hero.