Apple variety Iyulskoe Chernenko
Iyulskoe Chernenko is an early summer apple variety obtained by crossing the varieties Anis Aly and Papirovka. Crossing was carried out at the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Plants named after V.I. I. V. Michurin by the Soviet fruit breeder S. F. Chernenko. From Anis Scarlet and Folding the variety has adopted a high winter hardiness, yield and bright cherry color of the fruits. In 1965, it was added to the state register of the Russian Federation. Zoned in the Central and Middle Volga region.
The tree is vigorous, up to 5 meters in height. The crown of a young apple tree is oval, rare; during the full fruiting period - dense, oval-conical, spreading (up to 6 meters in diameter). The branches of the apple tree are directed slightly upward. Shoots with short internodes, strongly pubescent. The leaves are large, oblong, folded up, dark green in color, with a weakly pronounced crenate serration along the edge. Petioles are slightly colored, pubescent. Stipules are filiform.
Inflorescences are white, large. Flowering takes place in the second decade of May. The best option for pollinator varieties is Grushovka Moscow and White filling.
Fruits are medium and below average in size, weighing from 120 to 180 g. Rounded-conical, slightly flattened, ribs are hardly noticeable. Some specimens have a seam like Papirovka. The main color of apples is light green, the cover color is a crimson blush with strokes and stripes of a darker color. The wax coating is hardly noticeable. The funnel is narrow and deep. The peduncle is short. The pulp is firm, crunchy (according to other sources - loose, airy, tender), juicy, with a greenish tint, bright aroma and wine-sweet taste.
The apple-tree July Chernenko begins to bear fruit for 4 - 5 years. The first years the yield is regular, then the periodicity appears. The yields are plentiful. Apples ripen in late July - early August. Ripe fruits crumble. Ripening is not simultaneous - the fruits need to be collected in several stages, which is convenient for amateur gardens. A tree at the age of 10 - 15 years gives up to 80 kg of apples.
The fruits collected on time are stored in the refrigerator for 7-10 days, then they become soft and gradually deteriorate. The purpose of the fruits is universal, they can be used for preservation or juice distillation.
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences IS Isaeva monitored the variety in the Botanical Garden of Moscow State University and revealed its extremely low resistance to fungal diseases (scab, fruit rot). At the same time, the variety is winter-hardy, has a good yield, an attractive appearance of the fruits. The scientist's recommendation is to use it for growing in backyard gardens. Preferred in grafts or on dwarf rootstocks. For industrial horticulture, the Yul'skoe Chernenko apple tree is not suitable due to its high crown and low resistance to diseases.
