Cherry variety Chermashnaya
Chermashnaya is an early-ripening sweet cherry, bred at the All-Russian Institute of Selection and Technology for Horticulture and Nursery (VSTISP) through sowing seeds from free pollination of the Leningradskaya Yellow variety. The authorship belongs to A.I. Evstratov, H.K. Enikeev and N.G. Morozova. Since 2004, the variety has been zoned in the Central region of Russia (Moscow, Ivanovskaya, Kaluga, Bryansk, Vladimir, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tula regions).
The trees are medium-sized (height - up to 4 - 5 meters), fast-growing. The crown is raised, rounded-oval, the degree of thickening is medium. When leaving the trunk, the skeletal branches form a right or obtuse angle. Shoots are straight, brown-brown color, not pubescent. Leaves are medium in size, lanceolate-oval in shape, with a long-pointed tip and a mid-serrate edge. The surface of the leaf blade is smooth, glossy, bright green.
Fruit formations are formed mainly on bouquet branches and shortened shoots.
Chermashnaya fruits of medium size (average weight of berries - 3.8 g, maximum - 4.5 g), rounded; the main color, like the integumentary color, is yellow. Some berries develop a very faint pinkish blush. The pulp is yellow, dense, juicy, delicate, the taste is dessert, sweet and sour (sweetness is more pronounced, sourness is hardly perceptible). Tasting score - 4.3 - 4.4 points. The stone is medium in size, round, smooth; the separability from the pulp is good.
By chemical composition, the fruits contain: dry matter (17%), the amount of sugars (11.5%), acids (0.6%). Table variety.
The ripening period of the variety is very early: the fruits reach ripeness by the end of June (simultaneously with strawberries, immediately after the honeysuckle). Early maturity is good: trees begin to bear fruit from the 3rd - 4th year when planted in two years. Mass fruiting begins from the 6th year of the tree's life. Young 7-year-old specimens already bear up to 12 kg of fruit, older ones - up to 30 kg. The average annual yield is 85.2 c / ha.
The general level of winter hardiness of the variety is sufficient for the climatic conditions of the Moscow region. Winter hardiness of flower buds is average. When tested in the Kaluga region in 2014, the degree of freezing of bark and wood was 1 - 2 points.
Resistance to major fungal diseases (coccomycosis, moniliosis) is high. In hot, dry summers, trees can damage leaf-eating pests.
The variety is self-fertile. The following varieties are recommended as pollinators: Fatezh, Crimean, Bryansk pink, Iput, Leningrad black. Also suitable for pollination cherry (duke) Chocolate girl.
Among the main advantages of Chermashnaya cherry are: very early ripening, early maturity, yield, increased winter hardiness, resistance to fungal diseases.
The disadvantages of the variety include its self-infertility.
On my site, this cherry has been growing for more than five years. Beginning to bear fruit actively at 4 years old. The variety is really very early. If the spring is warm, then the first fruits are very juicy and tasty, ripen by mid-June. And since various pests actively multiply during this period, which can seriously spoil the crop, early treatment against them is simply mandatory. In addition, we process the tree before flowering (not recommended during flowering due to the many bees) and after.
Another period of the fight against the so-called pests begins when the cherries are ripe. The fact is that in our region there are a lot of birds that fly in whole flocks on cherries and cherries and can eat or stain all the berries. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to win in this struggle. But if, nevertheless, it succeeds - we make jam, juice from cherries.
By the way, before reading this article, I did not even suspect that my cherry is self-fertile. Perhaps because there were several more trees growing nearby?