Apple variety Gornoaltayskoe
Gornoaltaiskoye is a semi-cultivated variety of apple trees with a middle-year ripening period. Received by a group of breeders (Lisavenko M.A., Sirotkina V.A., Kukharsky M.A. and Sizemova V.A.) at the Lisavenko M.A. in 1937 To breed the variety, the genetic material of the varieties Ranetka purple and Pepin saffron... He entered the state test in 1949. Zoned in 1959 across Siberia and the Volga-Vyatka regions.
The tree is tall, reaching 3.5 m, with a rounded, not very dense crown up to 6 m in diameter, which is formed by powerful skeletal branches with many annelids (43%) and fruit twigs. The trunk and skeletal branches have a grayish-green bark. The wood is loose, fragile, which causes the trunk and skeletal branches to break.
Fruiting mainly on ringlets, as well as on fruit twigs.
Light brown pubescent shoots. Lentils are small and light. Leaves are medium in size, round-ovoid with an elongated-pointed tip. The color of the leaf plate is matte grayish-green, the surface is rough in appearance. The leaves are slightly pubescent below. The petioles also have pubescence, the stipules are small, lanceolate.
The duration of the flowering of the Gornoaltaiskoye apple tree depends on the weather, and in the sunny season is 7 - 10 days. In rainy weather, flowering lasts 14 days.
The winter hardiness of the variety is high. Some freezing is observed at very low temperatures. However, trees quickly revive due to the high regenerative ability inherited from Pepin's saffron. The variety is distinguished by a short period of physiological rest, wakes up very early. Well suited for areas with a late, rapid spring, as well as for planting on soils with high groundwater levels.
Scab resistance is very high. Even in especially rainy seasons, it is very slightly affected by scab, which does not cause economic damage. The disadvantage of the apple tree is the cracking of the skin of the fruit during the rainy season.
The apple tree begins to bear fruit in 4 - 5 years. The yield is average due to the smallness of the fruits, since their number is amazing: the tree is simply doused with apples. Fruiting regularly annually, without periodicity. A young tree gives 10 kg of fruits, an adult - up to 35 kg from one tree. The maximum yield in particularly favorable conditions exceeds 100 kg per tree. The tree lives and actively bears fruit for up to 45 years.
A comprehensive assessment of the value of economic characteristics is on average 85.5 points. Until today, it is considered the standard of resistance in all respects among semi-cultivated apple varieties.
The apple tree is responsive to the improvement of growing conditions, therefore, with intensive agricultural technology, it gives higher yields.
The fruits of the Gornoaltayskoye variety are small, weighing up to 40 g. They have a rounded-conical shape with pronounced ribbing. The surface of the fruit is smooth with a thin waxy coating. Very delicate and easily damaged. The main color of apples is yellow, the integumentary color is bright red - it is spread practically over the entire surface of the fruit; a slight tan is formed on the sunny side. The apple rests on a very long and thin greenish stalk, also pubescent.
The funnel of the fruit is small, with a slight rustiness. The cup is small, closed, located in a small folded saucer.
The pulp is light creamy, fine-grained and juicy. The apple has a sweet and sour taste, harmonious, with a spicy aftertaste. Rated by tasters at 4 points.
The variety is distinguished by a high dry matter content in fruits - 16 - 20%. Apples contain 12% sugars, organic acids - 1.0%, tannins - 217 mg per 100 g of wet weight, pectin substances - 5% calculated on dry weight, P-active substances - about 290 mg / 100 g. it has a high content of ascorbic acid - 24.7 mg / 100 g.
The fruits are ready for harvest at the end of August. Do not crumble. If apples are not removed from the tree in time, they quickly overripe and become mealy. In the rainy season, the fruit can crack. Consume the crop immediately within 1 month. The purpose of apples is universal.For its exceptional juiciness, the apple tree is highly valued in juice production.
Apple tree Gornoaltaiskoye is a donor in the selection of varieties with high quality fruits, high frost resistance and immunity to scab.
This variety took part in the creation of such varieties as Altai speckled, Surprise, Smuglyanochka, Winter saffron, Zhebrovskoye, Krasnaya Gorka, Solovyevskoye, Firebird, as well as especially large-fruited ones - Surkhurai and Souvenir of Altai.
